儿童反复呼吸道感染与血锌相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染患儿与血锌的相关关系,对因呼吸道感染住院或门诊治疗的患儿进行了静脉全血微量元素锌测定,其中复感儿35例,非复感儿40例。结果表明,复感儿低锌血症的百分率(82.9%)明显高于非复感儿(57.5%)(P>0.05)。提示低锌血症与儿童反复呼吸道感染具有密切关系,是儿童反复呼吸道感染的重要因素之一。     

A miniaturized active sampler for the assessment of personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide

A personalized, miniaturized air sampling system was evaluated to estimate the daily exposure of pediatric asthmatics to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). The lightweight device (170 g) uses a sampling pump connected to a solid sorbent tube containing triethanolamine (TEA)-impregnated molecular sieve. The pump is powered by a 9 V battery and samples air over a 24 h period at a collection rate of 0.100 L/min. After exposure, the solid sorbent is removed from the tubes for spectrophotometric analysis (Griess Assay). The lower detection limit of the overall method for NO₂ is 11 μg/m³. The linearity, precision and accuracy of the sampler was evaluated. Different NO₂ concentrations generated in the laboratory (range: 50 to 340 μg/m³) were simultaneously measured by the TEA tube samplers and colocated continuous chemiluminescent NO_x analyzers (reference method). The coefficient of determination for the laboratory test derived from ordinary linear regression (OLR) was r ²=0.99 (y _OLR=0.94x−4.58) and the precision 3.6%. Further, ambient NO₂ concentrations in the field (range: 10–120 μg/m³) were verified with continuous chemiluminescent monitors next to the active samplers. Reweighted least squares analysis (RLS) based on the least median squares procedure (LMS) resulted in a correlation of r ²=0.68 for a field comparison in Riverside, CA (y _RLS=1.01x−0.94) and r ²=0.92 in Los Angeles, CA (y _RLS=1.31x−7.12). The precision of the TEA tube devices was 7.4% (at 20–60 μg/m³ NO₂) under outdoor conditions. Data show that the performance of this small active sampling system was satisfactory for measuring environmental concentrations of NO₂ under laboratory and field conditions. It is useful for personal monitoring of NO₂ in environmental epidemiology studies where daily measurements are desired.     

Preschool children's collective mathematical reasoning during free outdoor play

This paper illustrates how young children (age 1–5) use mathematical properties in collective reasoning during free outdoor play. The analysis of three episodes is presented. The results from the analysis of the argumentation show that the children used a variation of mathematical products and procedures, to challenge, support and drive the reasoning forward. When needed, they utilise concrete materials to illustrate and strengthen their arguments, and as an aid in order to reach conclusions. The children also use abstract social constructs, such as jokes, as part of their reasoning.     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与血铅水平关系的探讨

对 8 0例ADHD患儿进行了血铅水平测定和行为评定 (Conners多动症评分量表 ) ,并设60例对照组。结果表明ADHD组血铅水平为 1 5 7 94± 4 1 1 3μg/L ,对照组为 94 73± 2 9 93μg/L ,其中儿童铅中毒发生率 ,ADHD组为 88 75 % ( 71 /80 ) ,对照组为 4 0 0 0 % ( 2 4 /60 ) ,经统计学处理 ,两组资料均具显著性差异 ;ADHD组经降铅治疗后血铅水平明显下降 ,同时反映ADHD临床症状的Conners评分亦明显下降。提示轻度铅中毒可能是ADHD的病因之一。建议在诊治ADHD时 ,采用相应的检测和治疗手段 ,将有助于ADHD的治疗     

Elements in the Sera of Preschool Children Living in Central Taiwan

This study assessed elemental concentrations in the serum of 154 preschool children in central Taiwan via instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA）. A total of eight elements, Br, C1, Fe, Na, Rb, Sc, Se and Zn of sera for Taiwanese preschool children living at four residential areas： Taichung city, Taichung urban townships and in a remote area inhabited by two groups of aborigines, Atayal and Bunun were determined. Standard reference materials （tomato leaves, NIST-SRM 1570a, and lichen, IAEA-336） were used as quality control standards to crosscheck the accuracy. Residential area, socioeconomic status and gender were shown to significantly influence serum levels of the eight trace elements. Statistical analysis revealed several different gender patterns via the two-tailed student＇s test. A quantified index of agreement （AT） was used to classify these elements. Small AT indicated a close consistency, while large AT indicated a larger fluctuation, or less agreement, such that the correlation between the elements could be interpreted using a series of quantified indices at the serum levels of preschool children.     

亚临床铅损伤患儿门诊病例分析

对237名儿童进行了发铅和血铅的测定和分析，提出了应注意儿童亚临床阶段铅中毒。     

肺脾气虚挟痰型复感儿100例人发微量元素分析

“复感儿”即呼吸道反复感染患儿，为探求复感儿体内微量元素变化及与其病因的关系，随机选择成都地区100例肺脾气虚挟痰型复感儿发样，测定其中8种微量元素含量，结果表明：镁缺乏高达83％，锌缺乏占68%，铁缺乏占53%，硒缺乏占15．2%，钙缺乏占14%，磷缺乏占10.1%，铜缺乏5％，锰缺乏占1．63%，提示：此型复感儿不仅有锌、铁缺乏外，更应重视镁缺乏，也应重视硒、钙、磷缺乏，采用中药羔方治疗，效果最佳。     

深圳市龙岗区儿童头发和全血中锌、铅含量的测定和比较分析

用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪测定了龙岗区布吉镇223例3～4岁健康儿童全血和头发的锌、铅含量，给出了各元素在全血和头发中的平均含量值和变动范围。结果表明，头发中的微量元素含量一般较全血中为高，且变动较小。对儿童全血微量元素含量随年龄、体重、性别变化及全血和头发中锌、铅含量的相关关系进行了统计学检验。通过对测定值的比较分析，认为无论是头发或是全血，男性或女性，铅和锌均呈负相关，且大多有显著性；男性和女性的发铅和血铅均呈显著正相关，而女性发锌与血锌也呈显著正相关。     

矮小儿童血清微量元素分析

为通过分析矮小儿童血清生长激素(hGH)及微量元素水平,探讨微量元素在儿童生长发育中的重要作用,回顾性分析了176例矮小儿童空腹血清hGH及微量元素锌、铁、铜、钙、镁水平,其中血清微量元素含量用原子吸收分光光度法测定,而hGH采用hGH激发试验,并应用化学发光法测定。结果表明,55.68%的矮小儿童伴有微量元素缺乏,其中血清钙、锌、镁明显低于正常儿童(P<0.05),分别为(2 158.44±147.82)μmol/mL、(14.06±4.03)μmol/mL、(794.78±86.23)μmol/mL。提示矮小儿童应注重补充微量元素,均衡饮食,以满足机体生长发育所需。     

广州市天河区5～6岁儿童体格素质状况调查研究

对广州市天河区三所幼儿园201名5-6岁儿童的体格素质状况进行了调查研究。结果显示，平均立定跳远距离为90．4cm，20米跑时间为6．1s，单脚站立平衡时间为10．9s，其中男童在立定跳远和20米跑方面优于女童，而女童在单脚站立方面优于男童，排除性别因素后，各幼儿园立定跳远和单脚站立指标之间有显著性差异。提示素质发育上的差别在学龄前儿童期已有表现，有必要开展和加强儿童的素质发育训练和指导。